Orkut Tricks --l

WRITING A BLANK SCRAP IN ORKUT :

# Place the cursor in the text field.
# Delete everything in the field.
# Now, HOLD (Keep pressed) ALT key and press 0 1 7 3 (Press the numbers one after the another. Do not keep them pressed) on the NUMBER PAD (on the right side of the keyboard).
# If you are using a laptop, just press [i] in the text box.
# Click SUBMIT.
I don't think this trick is still working, & in case it's true don't worry i have posted a new way.

WRITING TEXT IN REVERSE ORDER :

# Type the text in the scrapbook or any text box.
# Type & # 8 2 3 8 without spaces before the message in the text box.
# Example: "&#8238 This is message reverted."
# Press SUBMIT.

# The above message appears as - ‮ This is message reverted.

KNOWING EMAIL ID OF ANY PROFILE ON ORKUT :

# Ignore the person of whom you want to know the Email id.
# Open your Gtalk of the same account as Orkut.
# Go to Settings -> Blocked
# You can see the ignored person's email id.

WRITE ANONYMOUS SCRAPS :

You can use this trick to confuse your friends but PLEASE don't misuse it.
# Create a fake account.
# Write the scraps to the person you want.
# Delete the account.
# Your scraps from the deleted account becomes anonymous.

FINDING WHO HAS ADDED YOU TO THEIR CRUSH LIST :

# Add all your friends (or the one whom you want to find) in your crush list.
# If any of them has added you to their crush list before, you will get an email.
# Delete everyone from your crushlist.
# This is the easiest way to find whether someone has added you to their crushlist.

WRITING IN DIFFERENT FONTS :

wÅnnÅ w®îtË lîkË thî§ ?

1. Write your Message/Scrap in community or scrapbook.
2. Copy paste the code below in your browser and then press enter. Please be ensured that you write the code in one line in the address bar.

javascript:vartxt=document.getElementsByTagName(’textarea’)[0];txt.v

3. You will see change in the message you wrote.
4. Press Submit and enjoy.

Lock folders without any Softwares

Lock your folder without using any software, use this self made custom program to serve your purpose.
Copy the following program:

cls
@ECHO OFF
title Folder Locker
if EXIST "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" goto UNLOCK
if NOT EXIST Locker goto MDLOCKER
:CONFIRM
echo Are you sure u want to Lock the folder(Y/N)
set/p "cho=>"
if %cho%==Y goto LOCK
if %cho%==y goto LOCK
if %cho%==n goto END
if %cho%==N goto END
echo Invalid choice.
goto CONFIRM
:LOCK
ren Locker "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
attrib +h +s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
echo Folder locked
goto End
:UNLOCK
echo Enter password to Unlock folder
set/p "pass=>"

if NOT %pass%==type your password here goto FAIL
attrib -h -s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
ren "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" Locker
echo Folder Unlocked successfully
goto End
:FAIL
echo Invalid password
goto end
:MDLOCKER
md Locker
echo Locker created successfully
goto End
:End


Now go for following few steps:-

1>copy above program into notepad.
2>the text which is written in bold letters delete it & type your password there.
3>save that file by extension .bat ( name is Your choice)
4>now on Your screen there is a bat file appear.
5>double click on that file.
6>you will see the locker folder.
7>save the files in that folder.
8>double click on that folder & lock that folder
9>after locking that folder it will become hidden.
10>to open that folder double click on that bat file
11>type your password & open that folder..

How it works
first try this:-
Suppose you want to lock the folder xyz in e: which has the path e:\xyz.In the same drive create a text file and type
ren xyz xyz.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}
Now save this text file as lock.bat
Create another text file and type in it
ren xyz.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} xyz
Now save this text file as unlock.bat
Now you can see 2 batch files lock and unlock.

Explanation:-
Press lock and the folder xyz will change to control panel and you cannot view its contents.Press unlock and you will get back your original folder.
That’s exactly the program above does…it creates a folder and when you lock it, it gets converted to the control panel and when you unlock it vice versa takes place and you get your folder back..

Convert any Folder into almost anything.

Following is a method by which u can convert any folder into either Control Panel, Recycle Bin, My Computer or Internet Explorer.
This is done by adding their respective registry keys to the folder’s name. After this when you’ll double click on the folder, either Control Panel, Recycle Bin, My Computer or Internet Explorer will open according to your choice. Actually that folder is then treated by Windows as a link to any of these four. The folder will remain intact with all its data and no one can access that folder via Windows. It can only be accessed via Command Prompt or some third party app.


To Convert Folder Into Contol Panel, Rename With Adding
.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}

To Convert Folder Into Recycle Bin, Rename With Adding
.{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}

To Convert Folder Into My Computer, Rename With Adding
.{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}

To Convert Folder Into Internet Explorer, Rename With Adding
.{871C5380-42A0-1069-A2EA-08002B30309D}

Eg:- If you have a folder ABC, to convert it into Control Panel, rename the folder as
ABC.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} After this, the key should disappear and act as an attribute. And if it doesn’t, then also no problem, as the folder will start working the way you want it to.

To re-enable your folder to be accessible via Windows, go to command prompt and rename the folder there. Eg:- If the folder is in C:\Temp\ABC, then get to C:\Temp in the command prompt and type:
ren ABC.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} ABC
(Command Prompt supports CLIPBOARD. Copy-Paste will work there.)

Your folder will be back to normal state.
This method can be used to protect any data, but it will not provide reliable security to the data.

You can also search the registry for more relevant keys like these.

Stop Everyone From Changing Your Home Page

Some websites illegally modify your registry editor and set their website as default home page. There is a really simple trick to stop this.

Just follow these steps:

1. Right-click on the Internet Explorer icon on your desktop and select "Properties".

2. In the "Target" box you will see "C:\Program Files\Internet

Explorer\IEXPLORE.EXE".

3. Now by adding the URL of the site to the end of this it overrides any
Homepage setting in internet options:

"C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\IEXPLORE.EXE" www.google.com

BandWidth Explained

This is well written explanation about bandwidth, very useful info. I found this article over the net & liked it . Hope you like it too.



BandWidth Explained

Most hosting companies offer a variety of bandwidth options in their plans. So exactly what is bandwidth as it relates to web hosting? Put simply, bandwidth is the amount of traffic that is allowed to occur between your web site and the rest of the internet. The amount of bandwidth a hosting company can provide is determined by their network connections, both internal to their data center and external to the public internet.


Network Connectivity

The internet, in the most simplest of terms, is a group of millions of computers connected by networks. These connections within the internet can be large or small depending upon the cabling and equipment that is used at a particular internet location. It is the size of each network connection that determines how much bandwidth is available. For example, if you use a DSL connection to connect to the internet, you have 1.54 Mega bits (Mb) of bandwidth. Bandwidth therefore is measured in bits (a single 0 or 1). Bits are grouped in bytes which form words, text, and other information that is transferred between your computer and the internet.

If you have a DSL connection to the internet, you have dedicated bandwidth between your computer and your internet provider. But your internet provider may have thousands of DSL connections to their location. All of these connection aggregate at your internet provider who then has their own dedicated connection to the internet (or multiple connections) which is much larger than your single connection. They must have enough bandwidth to serve your computing needs as well as all of their other customers. So while you have a 1.54Mb connection to your internet provider, your internet provider may have a 255Mb connection to the internet so it can accommodate your needs and up to 166 other users (255/1.54).


Traffic

A very simple analogy to use to understand bandwidth and traffic is to think of highways and cars. Bandwidth is the number of lanes on the highway and traffic is the number of cars on the highway. If you are the only car on a highway, you can travel very quickly. If you are stuck in the middle of rush hour, you may travel very slowly since all of the lanes are being used up.

Traffic is simply the number of bits that are transferred on network connections. It is easiest to understand traffic using examples. One Gigabyte is 2 to the 30th power (1,073,741,824) bytes. One gigabyte is equal to 1,024 megabytes. To put this in perspective, it takes one byte to store one character. Imagine 100 file cabinets in a building, each of these cabinets holds 1000 folders. Each folder has 100 papers. Each paper contains 100 characters - A GB is all the characters in the building. An MP3 song is about 4MB, the same song in wav format is about 40MB, a full length movie can be 800MB to 1000MB (1000MB = 1GB).

If you were to transfer this MP3 song from a web site to your computer, you would create 4MB of traffic between the web site you are downloading from and your computer. Depending upon the network connection between the web site and the internet, the transfer may occur very quickly, or it could take time if other people are also downloading files at the same time. If, for example, the web site you download from has a 10MB connection to the internet, and you are the only person accessing that web site to download your MP3, your 4MB file will be the only traffic on that web site. However, if three people are all downloading that same MP at the same time, 12MB (3 x 4MB) of traffic has been created. Because in this example, the host only has 10MB of bandwidth, someone will have to wait. The network equipment at the hosting company will cycle through each person downloading the file and transfer a small portion at a time so each person's file transfer can take place, but the transfer for everyone downloading the file will be slower. If 100 people all came to the site and downloaded the MP3 at the same time, the transfers would be extremely slow. If the host wanted to decrease the time it took to download files simultaneously, it could increase the bandwidth of their internet connection (at a cost due to upgrading equipment).


Hosting Bandwidth

In the example above, we discussed traffic in terms of downloading an MP3 file. However, each time you visit a web site, you are creating traffic, because in order to view that web page on your computer, the web page is first downloaded to your computer (between the web site and you) which is then displayed using your browser software (Internet Explorer, Netscape, etc.) . The page itself is simply a file that creates traffic just like the MP3 file in the example above (however, a web page is usually much smaller than a music file).

A web page may be very small or large depending upon the amount of text and the number and quality of images integrated within the web page. For example, the home page for CNN.com is about 200KB (200 Kilobytes = 200,000 bytes = 1,600,000 bits). This is typically large for a web page. In comparison, Yahoo's home page is about 70KB.


How Much Bandwidth Is Enough?

It depends (don't you hate that answer). But in truth, it does. Since bandwidth is a significant determinant of hosting plan prices, you should take time to determine just how much is right for you. Almost all hosting plans have bandwidth requirements measured in months, so you need to estimate the amount of bandwidth that will be required by your site on a monthly basis

If you do not intend to provide file download capability from your site, the formula for calculating bandwidth is fairly straightforward:

Average Daily Visitors x Average Page Views x Average Page Size x 31 x Fudge Factor

If you intend to allow people to download files from your site, your bandwidth calculation should be:

[(Average Daily Visitors x Average Page Views x Average Page Size) +
(Average Daily File Downloads x Average File Size)] x 31 x Fudge Factor

Let us examine each item in the formula:

Average Daily Visitors - The number of people you expect to visit your site, on average, each day. Depending upon how you market your site, this number could be from 1 to 1,000,000.

Average Page Views - On average, the number of web pages you expect a person to view. If you have 50 web pages in your web site, an average person may only view 5 of those pages each time they visit.

Average Page Size - The average size of your web pages, in Kilobytes (KB). If you have already designed your site, you can calculate this directly.

Average Daily File Downloads - The number of downloads you expect to occur on your site. This is a function of the numbers of visitors and how many times a visitor downloads a file, on average, each day.

Average File Size - Average file size of files that are downloadable from your site. Similar to your web pages, if you already know which files can be downloaded, you can calculate this directly.

Fudge Factor - A number greater than 1. Using 1.5 would be safe, which assumes that your estimate is off by 50%. However, if you were very unsure, you could use 2 or 3 to ensure that your bandwidth requirements are more than met.

Usually, hosting plans offer bandwidth in terms of Gigabytes (GB) per month. This is why our formula takes daily averages and multiplies them by 31.


Summary

Most personal or small business sites will not need more than 1GB of bandwidth per month. If you have a web site that is composed of static web pages and you expect little traffic to your site on a daily basis, go with a low bandwidth plan. If you go over the amount of bandwidth allocated in your plan, your hosting company could charge you over usage fees, so if you think the traffic to your site will be significant, you may want to go through the calculations above to estimate the amount of bandwidth required in a hosting plan.

Keyboard Shortcuts in Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType Software Installed

*Win + L: Log off Windows.

*Win + P: Open Print Manager.

*Win + C: Open control panel.

*Win + V: Open clipboard.

*Win + K: Open keyboard properties.

*Win + I: Open mouse properties.

*Win + A: Open Accessibility properties.

*Win + Space: Displays the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut keys.

*Win + S: Toggle CapsLock on and off.

ACCESSIBILITY Shortcuts

Right Shift for eight seconds: Toggle FilterKeys on and off. FilterKeys must be enabled.

*Left Alt + Left Shift + PrintScreen: Toggle High Contrast on and off. High Contrast must be enabled.

*Left Alt + Left Shift + NumLock: Toggle MouseKeys on and off. MouseKeys must be enabled.

*NumLock for five seconds: Toggle ToggleKeys on and off. ToggleKeys must be enabled.

*Shift five times: Toggle StickyKeys on and off. StickyKeys must be enabled.

General Navigation

*Tab: Forward one item.

*Shift + Tab: Backward one item.

*Ctrl + Tab: Cycle through tabs/child windows.

*Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Cycle backwards through tabs/child windows.

*Enter: If a button's selected, click it, otherwise, click default button.

*Space: Toggle items such as radio buttons or checkboxes.

*Alt + (Letter): Activate item corresponding to (Letter). (Letter) is the underlined letter on the item's name.

* Ctrl + Left: Move cursor to the beginning of previous word.

*Ctrl + Right: Move cursor to the beginning of next word.

*Ctrl + Up: Move cursor to beginning of previous paragraph. This and all subsequent Up/Down hotkeys in this section have only been known to work in Rich Edit controls.

*Ctrl + Down: Move cursor to beginning of next paragraph.

*Shift + Left: Highlight one character to the left.

*Shift + Right: Highlight one character to the right.

*Shift + Up: Highlight from current cursor position, to one line up.

*Shift + Down: Highlight from current cursor position, to one line down.

*Ctrl + Shift + Left: Highlight to beginning of previous word.

*Ctrl + Shift + Right: Highlight to beginning of next word.

*Ctrl + Shift + Up: Highlight to beginning of previous paragraph.

*Ctrl + Shift + Down: Highlight to beginning of next paragraph.

*Home: Move cursor to top of a scrollable control.

*End: Move cursor to bottom of a scrollable control.

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

*Ctrl + Alt + End: Open the NT Security dialog.

*Alt + PageUp: Switch between programs.

*Alt + PageDown: Switch between programs in reverse.

*Alt + Insert: Cycle through the programs in most recently used order.

*Alt + Home: Display start menu.

*Ctrl + Alt + Break: Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen.

*Alt + Delete: Display the Windows menu.

*Ctrl + Alt + NumpadMinus: Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing Alt + PrintScreen on a local computer.

*Ctrl + Alt + NumpadPlus: Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PrintScreen on a local computer.

MOZILLA FIREFOX SHORTCUTS

*Ctrl + Tab or Ctrl + PageDown: Cycle through tabs.

*Ctrl + Shift + Tab or Ctrl + PageUp: Cycle through tabs in reverse.

*Ctrl + (1-9): Switch to tab corresponding to number.

*Ctrl + N: New window.

*Ctrl + T: New tab.

*Ctrl + L or Alt + D or F6: Switch focus to location bar.

*Ctrl + Enter: Open location in new tab.

*Shift + Enter: Open location in new window.

*Ctrl + K or Ctrl + E: Switch focus to search bar.

*Ctrl + O: Open a local file.

*Ctrl + W: Close tab, or window if there's only one tab open.

*Ctrl + Shift + W: Close window.

*Ctrl + S: Save page as a local file.

*Ctrl + P: Print page.

*Ctrl + F or F3: Open find toolbar.

*Ctrl + G or F3: Find next...

*Ctrl + Shift + G or Shift + F3: Find previous...

*Ctrl + B or Ctrl + I: Open Bookmarks sidebar.

*Ctrl + H: Open History sidebar.

*Escape: Stop loading page.

*Ctrl + R or F5: Reload current page.

*Ctrl + Shift + R or Ctrl + F5: Reload current page; bypass cache.

*Ctrl + U: View page source.

*Ctrl + D: Bookmark current page.

*Ctrl + NumpadPlus or Ctrl + Equals (+/=): Increase text size.

*Ctrl + NumpadMinus or Ctrl + Minus: Decrease text size.

*Ctrl + Numpad0 or Ctrl + 0: Set text size to default.

*Alt + Left or Backspace: Back.

*Alt + Right or Shift + Backspace: Forward.

*Alt + Home: Open home page.

*Ctrl + M: Open new message in integrated mail client.

*Ctrl + J: Open Downloads dialog.

*F6: Switch to next frame. You must have selected something on the page already, e.g. by use of Tab.

*Shift + F6: Switch to previous frame.

*Apostrophe ('): Find link as you type.

*Slash (/): Find text as you type.

FILE BROWSER SHORTCUTS

*Arrow Keys: Navigate.

*Shift + Arrow Keys: Select multiple items.

*Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Change focus without changing selection. "Focus" is the object that will run on Enter. Space toggles selection of the focused item.

*(Letter): Select first found item that begins with (Letter).

*BackSpace: Go up one level to the parent directory.

*Alt + Left: Go back one folder.

*Alt + Right: Go forward one folder.

*Enter: Activate (Double-click) selected item(s).

*Alt + Enter: View properties for selected item.

*F2: Rename selected item(s).

*Ctrl + NumpadPlus: In a Details view, resizes all columns to fit the longest item in each one.

*Delete: Delete selected item(s).

*Shift + Delete: Delete selected item(s); bypass Recycle Bin.

*Ctrl while dragging item(s): Copy.

*Ctrl + Shift while dragging item(s): Create shortcut(s).



In tree pane, if any:

*Left: Collapse the current selection if expanded, or select the parent folder.

*Right: Expand the current selection if collapsed, or select the first subfolder.

*Numpad Asterisk: Expand currently selected directory and all subdirectories. No undo.

*Numpad Plus: Expand currently selected directory.

*Numpad Minus: Collapse currently selected directory.

GENERAL SHOTCUTS

*Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert: Copy.

*Ctrl + X or Shift + Delete: Cut.

*Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert: Paste/Move.

*Ctrl + N: New... File, Tab, Entry, etc.

*Ctrl + S: Save.

*Ctrl + O: Open...

*Ctrl + P: Print.

*Ctrl + Z: Undo.

*Ctrl + A: Select all.

*Ctrl + F: Find...

*Ctrl+W : to close the current window

*Ctrl + F4: Close tab or child window.

*F1: Open help.

*F11: Toggle full screen mode.

*Alt or F10: Activate menu bar.

*Alt + Space: Display system menu. Same as clicking the icon on the titlebar.

*Escape: Remove focus from current control/menu, or close dialog box.

WINDOWS SHORTCUTS

* Shift + F10 right-clicks.

* Win + L (XP Only): Locks keyboard. Similar to Lock Workstation.

* Win + F or F3: Open Find dialog. (All Files) F3 may not work in some applications which use F3 for their own find dialogs.

*Win + Control + F: Open Find dialog. (Computers)

*Win + U: Open Utility Manager.

* Win + F1: Open Windows help.

*Win + Pause: Open System Properties dialog.

*Win + Tab: Cycle through taskbar buttons. Enter clicks, AppsKey or Shift + F10 right-clicks.

*Win + Shift + Tab: Cycle through taskbar buttons in reverse.

*Alt + Tab: Display Cool Switch. More commonly known as the AltTab dialog.

*Alt + Shift + Tab: Display Cool Switch; go in reverse.

*Alt + Escape: Send active window to the bottom of the z-order.

*Alt + Shift + Escape: Activate the window at the bottom of the z-order.

*Alt + F4: Close active window; or, if all windows are closed, open shutdown dialog.

*Shift while a CD is loading: Bypass AutoPlay.

*Shift while login: Bypass startup folder. Only those applications will be ignored which are in the startup folder, not those started from the registry (Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\)

*Ctrl + Alt + Delete or Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDel (Both NumLock states): Invoke the Task Manager or NT Security dialog.

*Ctrl + Shift + Escape (2000/XP ) or (Ctrl + Alt + NumpadDot) : Invoke the task manager. On earlier OSes, acts like Ctrl + Escape.

*Print screen: Copy screenshot of current screen to clipboard.

*Alt + Print screen: Copy screenshot of current active window to clipboard.

*Ctrl + Alt + Down Arrow: Invert screen. Untested on OS's other than XP.

*Ctrl + Alt + Up Arrow: Undo inversion.

* Win + B : Move focus to systray icons.

MULTIPLE LOGINS IN YAHOO WITHOUT SOFWARES

1) Go to Start~>Run~>regedit



2) Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER-->Software-->Yahoo-->Pager-->Test



3)ON the Right side if the page , Right click and choose new Dword Value.



4) Rename it as " Plural ".



5)Double click and assign a decimal value of 1.



6) Now close registry and restart yahoo messenger and try Multiple Login

SPEED UP BOOT SEQUENCE

Speedup boot up sequence by defragmenting all key boot files :



Open Registry by going to START-RUN and typing REGEDIT.



Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Dfrg\BootOptimizeFunction. In right hand panel look for Enable.



Right click on it and set it 'Y' for enable. This will help speedup boot time.

HOW TO REMOVE SHARED DOCUMENTS FOLDER FROM MY COMPUTER

Open registry editor by going to START-RUN and entering regedit.

Once in registry, navigate to key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Explorer \ My Computer \ NameSpace \ DelegateFolders

You must see a sub-key named {59031a47-3f72-44a7-89c5-5595fe6b30ee}.

If you delete this key, you have effectively removed the my shared documents folder.

ADD OR CHANGE RESTRICTIONS

If you want to make restrictions to what users can do or use on their computer, you can edit the Registry. You can add and delete Windows features in this Key shown below.



Zero is Off and the value 1 is On. Example: to Save Windows settings add or modify the value name NoSaveSettings to 0, if set to1 Windows will not save settings. And NoDeletePrinter set to 1 will prevent the user from deleting a printer.



The same key shows up at:

HKEY_USERS\(yourprofilename)\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer so change it there also if you are using different profiles.



1.Open RegEdit

2.Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\windows\CurrentVersion\Policies

3.Go to the Explorer Key (Additional keys that can be created under Policies are System, Explorer, Network and WinOldApp )

4.You can then add DWORD or binary values set to 1 in the appropriate keys for ON and 0 for off.

NoDeletePrinter - Disables Deletion of Printers

NoAddPrinter - Disables Addition of Printers

NoRun - Disables Run Command

NoSetFolders - Removes Folders from Settings on Start Menu

NoSetTaskbar - Removes Taskbar from Settings on Start Menu

NoFind - Removes the Find Command

NoDrives - Hides Drives in My Computers

NoNetHood - Hides the Network Neighborhood

NoDesktop - Hides all icons on the Desktop

NoClose - Disables Shutdown

NoSaveSettings - Don't save settings on exit

DisableRegistryTools - Disable Registry Editing Tools

NoRecentDocsMenu - Hides the Documents shortcut at the Start button

NoRecentDocsHistory- Clears history of Documents

NoFileMenu _ Hides the Files Menu in Explorer

NoActiveDesktop - No Active Desktop

NoActiveDesktopChanges- No changes allowed

NoInternetIcon - No Internet Explorer Icon on the Desktop

NoFavoritesMenu - Hides the Favorites menu

NoChangeStartMenu _ Disables changes to the Start Menu

NoFolderOptions _ Hides the Folder Options in the Explorer

ClearRecentDocsOnExit - Empty the recent Docs folder on reboot

NoLogoff - Hides the Log Off .... in the Start Menu.







And here are a few more you can play with

ShowInfoTip

NoTrayContextMenu

NoStartMenuSubFolders

NoWindowsUpdate

NoViewContextMenu

EnforceShellExtensionSecurity

LinkResolveIgnoreLinkInfo

NoDriveTypeAutoRun

NoStartBanner

NoSetActiveDesktop

EditLevel

NoNetConnectDisconnect

RestrictRun - Disables all exe programs except those listed in the RestrictRun subkey

This key has many other available keys, there is one to even hide the taskbar, one to hide the control panel and more. I'm not telling you how, as someone may want to play a trick on you. The policies key has a great deal of control over how and what program can run and how one can access what feature.



In the System key you can enter:

NoDispCPL - Disable Display Control Panel

NoDispBackgroundPage - Hide Background Page

NoDispScrSavPage - Hide Screen Saver Page

NoDispAppearancePage - Hide Appearance Page

NoDispSettingsPage - Hide Settings Page

NoSecCPL - Disable Password Control Panel

NoPwdPage - Hide Password Change Page

NoAdminPage - Hide Remote Administration Page

NoProfilePage - Hide User Profiles Page

NoDevMgrPage - Hide Device Manager Page

NoConfigPage - Hide Hardware Profiles Page

NoFileSysPage - Hide File System Button

NoVirtMemPage - Hide Virtual Memory Button



In the Network key you can enter:

NoNetSetup - Disable the Network Control Panel

NoNetSetupIDPage - Hide Identification Page

NoNetSetupSecurityPage - Hide Access Control Page

NoFileSharingControl - Disable File Sharing Controls

NoPrintSharing - Disable Print Sharing Controls



In the WinOldApp key you can enter:

Disabled - Disable MS-DOS Prompt

NoRealMode - Disables Single-Mode MS-DOS



To add or remove programs in the Registry

1.Open RegEdit

2.Go to the desired Key

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices

3. Add a new String Value and name it anything you like

4. For the value data, enter the path and executable for the program you want to run.



By adding the value to the HKEY_CURRENT_USER hive instead allows the program to start only when that user is logged on.



If you add the value to the RunOnce key the program will run once and be removed from the key by Windows.

DISABLE DISPLAY OF DRIVES IN MY COMPUTER

This is yet another trick you can play on your friends.



To disable the display of local or networked drives when you click My Computer go to : HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Now in the right pane create a new DWORD item and name it NoDrives. Now modify it's value and set it to 3FFFFFF (Hexadecimal) Now press F5 to refresh. When you click on My Computer, no drives will be shown.

To enable display of drives in My Computer, simply delete this DWORD item. It's .reg file is as follows: REGEDIT4 [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explore r] "NoDrives"=dword:03ffffff

ADD YOUR NAME OR APPLICATION TO RIGHT CLICK

To write your name on right click application

please follow the steps:



1.Copy/Paste the following code in Notepad And then Save it as .reg



Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}\shell\Registry Editor]

@="Your Name Or Name of the Application"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}\shell\Registry Editor\command]

@="Location Of The Application"



2.Now edit it and then Type your name In

Eg:

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}\shell\Registry Editor]

@="Rahul"



3. If u want to get any application, once you click Your name or name of application

Then , Type the location Of the application Which u want to open In:



[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}\shell\Registry Editor\command]

@="Location Of The Application"



For eg.C:\Program Files\Yahoo!\Messenger\messenger.exe

Thats It finally save it And then Run it .

CONTROL PANEL APPLETS

The following are Control Panel applets that can be run from the run line.
They are too located in the c:\windows\system32 directory, and have the file typextension ".CPL".


ACCESS.CPL - Accessibility Options
APPWIZ.CPL - Add or Remove Programs
DESK.CPL - Display Properties
HDWWIZ.CPL - Add Hardware Wizard
INETCPL.CPL - Internet Explorer Properties
INTL.CPL - Regional and Language Options
JOY.CPL - Game Controllers
MAIN.CPL - Mouse Properties
MMSYS.CPL - Sounds and Audio Device Properties
NCPA.CPL - Network Connections
NUSRMGR.CPL - User Accounts
ODBCCP32.CPL - ODBC Data Source Administrator
POWERCFG.CPL - Power Options Properties
SYSDM.CPL - System Properties
TELEPHON.CPL - Phone and Modem Options
TIMEDATE.CPL - Date and Time Properties
The following are Microsoft Management Console Snap-ins that can be opened from
the run line. These applications have the file type extension ".MSC".
CERTMGR.MSC - Certificates
CIADV.MSC - Indexing Service
COMPMGMT.MSC - Computer Management
DEVMGMT.MSC - Device Manager
DFRG.MSC - Disk Defragmenter
DISKMGMT.MSC - Disk Management
EVENTVWR.MSC - Event Viewer
FSMGMT.MSC - Shared Folders
LUSRMGR.MSC - Local Users and Groups
NTMSMGR.MSC - Removable Storage
NTMSOPRQ.MSC - Removable Storage Operator Requests
PERFMON.MSC - Performance Monitor
SERVICES.MSC - Services
WMIMGMT.MSC - Windows Management Infrastructure

GUI APPLICATIONS IN WINDOWS REGISTRY

These are those GUI applications that are not in the c:\windows\system32\directory but are located in the Registry under the key



HKLM\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\app paths

BCKGZM.EXE - Backgammon
CHKRZM.EXE - Checkers
CONF.EXE - NetMeeting
DIALER.EXE - Phone Dialer
HELPCTR.EXE - Help and Support
HRTZZM.EXE - Internet Hearts
HYPERTRM.EXE - HyperTerminal
ICWCONN1.EXE - Internet Connection Wizard
IEXPLORE.EXE - Internet Explorer
INETWIZ.EXE - Setup Your Internet Connection
INSTALL.EXE - User's Folder
MIGWIZ.EXE - File and Settings Transfer Wizard
MOVIEMK.EXE - Windows Movie Maker
MPLAYER2.EXE - Windows Media Player Version 6.4.09.1120
MSCONFIG.EXE - System Configuration Utility
MSIMN.EXE - Outlook Express
MSINFO32.EXE - System Information
MSMSGS.EXE - Windows Messenger
MSN6.EXE - MSN Explorer
PBRUSH.EXE - Paint
PINBALL.EXE - Pinball
RVSEZM.EXE - Reversi
SHVLZM.EXE - Spades
TABLE30.EXE - User's Folder
WAB.EXE - Windows Address Book
WABMIG.EXE - Address Book Import Tool
WINNT32.EXE - User's Folder
WMPLAYER.EXE - Windows Media Player
WRITE.EXE - Wordpad

These .EXE files reside in (c:\windows\system32\) or (c:\windows\) directory.
ACCWIZ.EXE - Accessibility Wizard
CALC.EXE - Calculator
CHARMAP.EXE - Character Map
CLEANMGR.EXE - Disk Space Cleanup Manager
CLICONFG.EXE - SQL Client Configuration Utility
CLIPBRD.EXE - Clipbook Viewer
CLSPACK.EXE - Class Package Export Tool
CMD.EXE - Command Line
CMSTP.EXE - Connection Manager Profile Installer
CONTROL.EXE - Control Panel
DCOMCNFG.EXE - Component Services
DDESHARE.EXE - DDE Share
DRWATSON.EXE - Doctor Watson v1.00b
DRWTSN32.EXE - Doctor Watson Settings
DVDPLAY.EXE - DVD Player
DXDIAG.EXE - DirectX Diagnostics
EUDCEDIT.EXE - Private Character Editor
EVENTVWR.EXE - Event Viewer
EXPLORER.EXE - Windows Explorer
FREECELL.EXE - Free Cell
FXSCLNT.EXE - Fax Console
FXSCOVER.EXE - Fax Cover Page Editor
FXSEND.EXE - MS Fax Send Note Utility
IEXPRESS.EXE - IExpress 2.0
LOGOFF.EXE - System Logoff
MAGNIFY.EXE - Microsoft Magnifier
MMC.EXE - Microsoft Management Console
MOBSYNC.EXE - Microsoft Synchronization Manager
MPLAY32.EXE - Windows Media Player version 5.1
MSHEARTS.EXE - Hearts
MSPAINT.EXE - Paint
MSTSC.EXE - Remote Desktop Connection
NARRATOR.EXE - Microsoft Narrator
NETSETUP.EXE - Network Setup Wizard
NOTEPAD.EXE - Notepad
NSLOOKUP.EXE - NSLookup Application
NTSD.EXE - Symbolic Debugger for Windows 2000
ODBCAD32.EXE - ODBC Data Source Administrator
OSK.EXE - On Screen Keyboard
OSUNINST.EXE - Windows Uninstall Utility
PACKAGER.EXE - Object Packager
PERFMON.EXE - Performance Monitor
PROGMAN.EXE - Program Manager
RASPHONE.EXE - Remote Access Phonebook
REGEDIT.EXE - Registry Editor
REGEDT32.EXE - Registry Editor
RESET.EXE - Resets Session
RSTRUI.EXE - System Restore
RTCSHARE.EXE - RTC Application Sharing
SFC.EXE - System File Checker
SHRPUBW.EXE - Create Shared Folder
SHUTDOWN.EXE - System Shutdown
SIGVERIF.EXE - File Signature Verification
SNDREC32.EXE - Sound Recorder
SNDVOL32.EXE - Sound Volume
SOL.EXE - Solitaire

SPIDER.EXE - Spider Solitaire
SYNCAPP.EXE - Create A Briefcase
SYSEDIT.EXE - System Configuration Editor
SYSKEY.EXE - SAM Lock Tool
TASKMGR.EXE - Task Manager
TELNET.EXE - MS Telnet Client
TSSHUTDN.EXE - System Shutdown
TOURSTART.EXE - Windows Tour Launcher
UTILMAN.EXE - System Utility Manager
USERINIT.EXE - My Documents
VERIFIER.EXE - Driver Verifier Manager
WIAACMGR.EXE - Scanner and Camera Wizard
WINCHAT.EXE - Windows for Workgroups Chat
WINHELP.EXE - Windows Help Engine
WINHLP32.EXE - Help
WINMINE.EXE - Minesweeper
WINVER.EXE - Windows Version Information
WRITE.EXE - WordPad
WSCRIPT.EXE - Windows Script Host Settings
WUPDMGR.EXE - Windows Update

GUI APPLICATIONS IN C:WINDOWS\SYSTEM32

These are those GUI (Graphic User Interface) applications that are located in the C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\directory. You can use these applications by entering the following in the RUN LINE.

Accessibility Controls
access.cpl

Add Hardware Wizard
hdwwiz.cpl

Add/Remove Programs
appwiz.cpl

Administrative Tools
control admintools

Automatic Updates
wuaucpl.cpl

Bluetooth Transfer Wizard
fsquirt

Calculator
calc

Certificate Manager
certmgr.msc

Character Map
charmap

Check Disk Utility
chkdsk

Clipboard Viewer
clipbrd

Command Prompt
cmd

Component Services
dcomcnfg

Computer Management
compmgmt.msc

timedate.cpl
ddeshare

Device Manager
devmgmt.msc

Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)*
directx.cpl

Direct X Troubleshooter
dxdiag

Disk Cleanup Utility
cleanmgr

Disk Defragment
dfrg.msc

Disk Management
diskmgmt.msc

Disk Partition Manager
diskpart

Display Properties
control desktop

Display Properties
desk.cpl

Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)
control color

Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility
drwtsn32

Driver Verifier Utility
verifier

Event Viewer
eventvwr.msc

File Signature Verification Tool
sigverif

Findfast
findfast.cpl

Folders Properties
control folders

Fonts
control fonts

Fonts Folder
fonts

Free Cell Card Game
freecell

Game Controllers
joy.cpl

Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)
gpedit.msc

Hearts Card Game
mshearts

Iexpress Wizard
iexpress

Indexing Service
ciadv.msc

Internet Properties
inetcpl.cpl

IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration)
ipconfig /all

IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)
ipconfig /displaydns

IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)
ipconfig /flushdns

IP Configuration (Release All Connections)
ipconfig /release

IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)
ipconfig /renew

IP Configuration (Refreshes DHCP & Re-Registers DNS)
ipconfig /registerdns

IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)
ipconfig /showclassid

IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)
ipconfig /setclassid

Java Control Panel (If Installed)
jpicpl32.cpl

Java Control Panel (If Installed)
javaws

Keyboard Properties
control keyboard

Local Security Settings
secpol.msc

Local Users and Groups
lusrmgr.msc

Logs You Out Of Windows
logoff

Microsoft Chat
winchat

Minesweeper Game
winmine

Mouse Properties
control mouse

Mouse Properties
main.cpl

Network Connections
control netconnections

Network Connections
ncpa.cpl

Network Setup Wizard
netsetup.cpl

Notepad
notepad

Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed)
nvtuicpl.cpl

Object Packager
packager

ODBC Data Source Administrator
odbccp32.cpl

On Screen Keyboard
osk

Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed)
ac3filter.cpl

Password Properties
password.cpl

Performance Monitor
perfmon.msc

Performance Monitor
perfmon

Phone and Modem Options
telephon.cpl

Power Configuration
powercfg.cpl

Printers and Faxes
control printers

Printers Folder
printers

Private Character Editor
eudcedit

Quicktime (If Installed)
QuickTime.cpl

Regional Settings
intl.cpl

Registry Editor
regedit

Registry Editor
regedit32

Remote Desktop
mstsc

Removable Storage
ntmsmgr.msc

Removable Storage Operator Requests
ntmsoprq.msc

Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof)
rsop.msc

Scanners and Cameras
sticpl.cpl

Scheduled Tasks
control schedtasks

Security Center
wscui.cpl

Services
services.msc

Shared Folders
fsmgmt.msc

Shuts Down Windows
shutdown

Sounds and Audio
mmsys.cpl

Spider Solitare Card Game
spider

SQL Client Configuration
cliconfg

System Configuration Editor
sysedit

System Configuration Utility
msconfig

System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)
sfc /scannow

System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot)
sfc /scanonce

System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot)
sfc /scanboot

System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting)
sfc /revert

System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)
sfc /purgecache

System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x)
sfc /cachesize=x

System Properties
sysdm.cpl

Task Manager
taskmgr

Telnet Client
telnet

User Account Management
nusrmgr.cpl

Utility Manager
utilman

Windows Firewall
firewall.cpl

Windows Magnifier
magnify

Windows Management Infrastructure
wmimgmt.msc

Windows System Security Tool
syskey

Windows Update Launches
wupdmgr

Windows XP Tour Wizard
tourstart

Wordpad
write

TOP 10 HACKS OF HISTORY

Here is a list off the top 10 hacks of all time. I got on some other site and thought many of you will be intersted in this list.

Early 1990s
Kevin Mitnick, often called by many as god of hackers, broke into the computer systems of the world's top technology and telecommunications companies Nokia, Fujitsu, Motorola, and Sun Microsystems. He was arrested by the FBI in 1995, but later released on parole in 2000. He never termed his activity hacking, instead he called it social engineering.

November 2002
Englishman Gary McKinnon was arrested in November 2002 following an accusation that he hacked into more than 90 US military computer systems in the UK. He is currently undergoing trial in a British court for a "fast-track extradition" to the US where he is a wanted man. The next hearing in the case is slated for today.

1995
Russian computer geek Vladimir Levin effected what can easily be called The Italian Job online - he was the first person to hack into a bank to extract money. Early 1995, he hacked into Citibank and robbed $10 million. Interpol arrested him in the UK in 1995, after he had transferred money to his accounts in the US, Finland, Holland, Germany and Israel.

1990
When a Los Angeles area radio station announced a contest that awarded a Porsche 944S2 for the 102nd caller, Kevin Poulsen took control of the entire city's telephone network, ensured he is the 102nd caller, and took away the Porsche beauty. He was arrested later that year and sentenced to three years in prison. He is currently a senior editor at Wired News.

1983
Kevin Poulsen again. A little-known incident when Poulsen, then just a student, hacked into Arpanet, the precursor to the Internet was hacked into. Arpanet was a global network of computers, and Poulsen took advantage of a loophole in its architecture to gain temporary control of the US-wide network.

1996
US hacker Timothy Lloyd planted six lines of malicious software code in the computer network of Omega Engineering which was a prime supplier of components for NASA and the US Navy. The code allowed a "logic bomb" to explode that deleted software running Omega's manufacturing operations. Omega lost $10 million due to the attack.

1988
Twenty-three-year-old Cornell University graduate Robert Morris unleashed the first Internet worm on to the world. Morris released 99 lines of code to the internet as an experiment, but realised that his program infected machines as it went along. Computers crashed across the US and elsewhere. He was arrested and sentenced in 1990.

1999
The Melissa virus was the first of its kind to wreak damage on a global scale. Written by David Smith (then 30), Melissa spread to more than 300 companies across the world completely destroying their computer networks. Damages reported amounted to nearly $400 million. Smith was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison.

2000
MafiaBoy, whose real identity has been kept under wraps because he is a minor, hacked into some of the largest sites in the world, including eBay, Amazon and Yahoo between February 6 and Valentine's Day in 2000. He gained access to 75 computers in 52 networks, and ordered a Denial of Service attack on them. He was arrested in 2000.

1993
They called themselves Masters of Deception, targeting US phone systems. The group hacked into the National Security Agency, AT&T, and Bank of America. It created a system that let them bypass long-distance phone call systems, and gain access to the pbx of major carriers.

RENAME MULTIPLE FILES

XP lets you rename files in bulk by simply selecting multiple files within Windows Explorer and pressing the F2 key.
When you use this feature, the OS applies the name you enter to the first file and applies the same name with a number in parentheses to the other files you selected (the file extensions remain unchanged).

For example, if you select the following files,
* notes.doc
* figures.xls
* disney.jpg
* holiday.gif

and rename the first file (notes.doc) to SoD.doc, XP renames the remaining files as follows:
* SoD (1).xls
* SoD (2).jpg
* SoD(3).gif

INTRODUCTION TO A SERVER

A server is a computer that hosts some sort of data, and makes it available for access, across a LAN or the Internet.

There is a major misunderstanding in regard to servers among people i.e "a server is very difficult and costly to set up." Actually it's true for only an extent which means costly servers sre needed only when a large amount of internet traffic is expected and some others reasons too. This means you can set up a small server in your home too.Game servers are an ideal example.You can host multiplayer games on your server. Now lets come to the main job and set up a server.

Things To Be Considered:

NETWORK REQUIREMENTS
- A high speed connection. (Cable/DSL or faster)
- Something to split your internet connection, such as router(a router is something through which you can split your internet connection).You can get a router at http://newegg.com after spending a few bucks unless you have one.
NOTE: You need to split your internet connection so that you can share the internet from the same computer with your server and surf while your server is running.

MINIMUM HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS (according to me):
- A CPU running at 350 MHz will do fine
- 256 Mbs of RAM
- A Network Card (NIC)
- A 10 Gb Hard Drive (HDD).
- A 315 Watt PSU
- An AGP Video Card (It's not needed nowdays as most of the motherboards today have onboard graphics.)

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
You have basically two choices for an Operating system:

- Windows: If you are not familiar with Linux, then you should buy a copy of any Windows Server Edition operating systems.Use atleast Win2k Server Edition or higher.

- Linux: If you ask me then i suggest Linux is a better choice for an OS. The reason is one can easily administrate over it and it's "totally free". I suggest you use "Ubuntu server edition" cause it's the latest version of Linux. You can easily get a copy of it at "The ubuntu website" as an image file in iso format which is totally free or "order a cd of it for a nominal charge".


HOSTING & NETWORK SPEED EVALUATION:
Your network speed depends on what you host, e.g if you are hosting some sort of video files it will consume more bandwidth than file hosting. So basically what you will host depends on your bandwidth.

Now you must be thinking what you can host on your newly setup server.the answer is here:

-Game server > You can use your server for hosting multiplayer games and enjoy with your friends on the network.
-Internet Radio Station >Your server can also be used for an Internet Radio Station by using shoutcast.( http://shoutcast.com/ : This is the home page for the shoutcast audio stream program.)
-A File Server >Using your server as a file server is a good choice if you have a slow bandwidth.
-Audio and video stuff >Hosting Audio and Video stuff should be considered only if you have a good bandwidth, that's because this stuff soaks up more bandwith than others (game servers too need more bandwidthdepending on the game type).
-Web page hosting >This is also a good choice if you are ready to spend some extra bucks for more space and faster processors. More space is needed because you have to provide it to your clients in return for some cash.

BASICS OF FORWARDING PORTS:
The most important thing you need to do after you've setup your server, is to forward the proper ports to it. As i have found, the best place to learn about forwarding ports is http://www.portforward.com/routers.htm. There find your router, and follow it's guide

UNDERSTANDING IP ADDRESSES

An IP ADDRESS is the address of a computer on the network which means a computer is recognized through it's IP ADDRESS.

What is IP?
INTERNET PROTOCOL or IP is a unique number assigned to each computer on a network. It is this unique address which represents the system on the network. Generally the IP of a particular system changes each time you log on to the network by dialing to your ISP(Internet Service Provider) and it is assigned to you by your ISP. IP of a system which is always on the network remains generally the same.

Lets take the example of the following IP address: 209.144.49.110 Now the first part, the numbers before the first decimal i.e. 209 is the Network number or the Network Prefix.. This means that it identifies the number of the network in which the host is. The second part i.e. 144 is the Host Number that is it identifies the number of the host within the Network. This means that in the same Network, the network number is same. In order to provide flexibility in the size of the Network, here are different classes of IP addresses:



Address Class Dotted Decimal Notation Ranges:

Class A ( /8 Prefixes) 1.xxx.xxx.xxx through 126.xxx.xxx.xxx

Class B ( /16 Prefixes) 128.0.xxx.xxx through 191.255.xxx.xxx

Class C ( /24 Prefixes) 192.0.0.xxx through 223.255.255.xxx

These classes will be clearer after reading the next few lines.

Each Class A Network Address contains a 8 bit Network Prefix followed by a 24-bit host number. They are considered to be primitive. They are referred to as "/8''s" or just "8's" as they have an 8-bit Network prefix.

In a Class B Network Address there is a 16 bit Network Prefix followed by a 16-bit Host number. It is referred to as "16's".

A class C Network address contains a 24-bit Network Prefix and a 8 bit Host number. It is referred to as
"24's" and is commonly used by most ISP's.


Due to the growing size of the Internet the Network Administrators faced many problems. The Internet routing tables were beginning to grow and now the administrators had to request another network number from the Internet before a new network could be installed at their site. This is where sub-netting came in.

Now if your ISP is a big one and if it provides you with dynamic IP addresses then you will most probably see that whenever you log on to the net, your IP address will have the same first 24 bits and only the last 8 bits will keep changing. This is due to the fact that when sub-netting comes in then the IP Addresses structure becomes:

xxx.xxx.zzz.yyy

where the first 2 parts are Network Prefix numbers and the zzz is the Subnet number and the yyy is the host number. So you are always connected to the same Subnet within the same Network. As a result the first 3 parts will remain the same and only the last part i.e. yyy is variable.
For Example, if say an ISP xyz is given the IP: 203.98.12.xx Network address then you can be awarded any IP, whose first three fields are 203.98.12.

So, basically this means that each ISP has a particular range in which to allocate all its subscribers. Or in other words, all subscribers or all people connected to the internet using the same ISP, will have to be in this range. This in effect would mean that all people using the same ISP are likely to have the same first three fields of their IP Addresses.

This means that if you have done a lot of of research, then you could figure out which ISP a person is using by simply looking at his IP.
For e.g say in a country,there are three main ISP’s:

ISP Name - Network Address Allotted
ISP I - 203.94.47.xx
ISP II - 202.92.12.xx
ISP III - 203.91.35.xx

Now if anyone sends me a mail from 203.94.47.23 then i can easily tell that he/she belongs to ISP I and where do he/she lives. I can tell that because i have done research from various sources. You gotta do the same.

BSNL HACK FOR INTERNET CONNECTION

Free gprs in bsnl

Logic: the server has a major bug in it, by which it fails to block two simultaneous connections from the phone and establishes a connection with full internet working,

Supported devices: all phones with multichannel gprs support

For connection on your mobile phone:-

1) Make two connections like bsnlportal and BSNLPORTAL1

(names of profile don’t matter, u can keep one as billgates and shahrukhkhan lol..the basic purpose of names is to enable the user to differentiate between the two accounts,)

2) Select the application you got to have the full connection working on.

Surpassingly “web” now just select “bsnlportal” profile and select a link like wap.cellone.in the page will get open, just press the red button such that the “web” application goes in the background.

Make sure that the gprs connection is still established with the web app. Two parallel lines on the top left of the screen will confirm this

3) Now open any other app that requires web connection like opera. Select BSNLPORTAL and open any other link like wap.google.com, u will get error –

the aim of using the other app is to perform multi-channel gprs,

this is verified by seeing some dots on the pre-existing connection established by “web”

(step 2)

“Access denied.

Technical description:

403 Forbidden - You are not allowed to communicate with the requested resource.”

4) close opera and open web and open a site like esato.com

5) if everything is done as said here then esato will load and voila! We have the whole internet!

For connection on pc.

1)create a connection and enter the number to be dialed as *99***1#

2) enter the following string as extra initialization command

3)now dial from pc, the connection will be established

4)pick the phone and open “web” open “wap.cellone.in” the phone shows error .

5) close “web” and then from the browser open www.google.com

and voila! The whole intenet is here

settings for profiles

apn: celloneportal

ip: 192.168.51.163

port : 8080

leave other fields blank as they are of the least concern!

the browser settings on pc too go the same as mentioned above!

TOP 10 COMMAND LINE TOOLS

1 - systeminfo - Have a need to display operating system configuration information for a local or remote machine, including service pack levels? Then systeminfo is the tool to use. When I need to connect to a system that I am not familiar with, this is the first tool I run. The output of this command gives me all the info I need including: host name, OS type, version, product ID, install date, boot time and hardware info (processor and memory). Also knowing what hot fixes are installed can be a big help when troubleshooting problems. This tool can be used to connect to a machine remotely using the following syntax: SYSTEMINFO /S system /U user

2 - ipconfig - This tool may be most useful tool for viewing and troubleshooting TCP/IP problems. It’s capability includes release or renew an adapter IP Address, display and flush DNS cache, re-register the system name in DNS. WIth Vista and some server versions, ipconfig includes support for IPv6.
Some examples when usinging ipconfig.
To view all TCP/IP information, use: ipconfig /all
To view the local DNS cache, use: ipconfig /displaydns
To delete the contents in the local DNS cache, use: ipconfig /flushdns

3 - tasklist and taskkill - If you are used to Windows Task Manager, then you’ll find tasklist very easy to use. This tool displays a list of currently running processes, including image name, PID (Process ID) and memory usage on local or remote machines. Using the /V switch displays more information in verbose mode that includes, CPU Time, user name, and modules. Tasklist includes a filter option to display a set of task based on the criteria specified.
A single or multiple processes can be killed using the PID (/PID ) or image name (/IM ). Here are two examples for doing just that:
TASKKILL /IM notepad.exe
TASKKILL /PID 1230 /PID 1241 /PID 1253 /T
Both tasklist and taskkill can connect to remote systems using the /S (system name) /U (user name) switches.

4 - netstat - Need to know who (or what) is making a connection to your computer? Then netstat is the tool you want to run. The output provides valuable information of all connections and listening ports, including the executable used in the connections. In additon to the above info, you can view Ethernet statistics, and resolve connecting host IP Addresses to a fully qualified domain name. I usually run the netstat command using the -a (displays all connection info), -n (sorts in numerical form) and -b (displays executable name) switches.

5 - type - A lesser known tool to those who don’t work with the command prompt. For Administrators, the type command is the perfect tool for viewing text files. But what many people don’t know about the type tool, is it’s capability to read multiple files at once. For example to view multiple text files, just separate each file with a space:
type firstfile.txt secondfile.txt thirdfile.txt

6 - net command - Although this tool is more known as a command, the net command is really like a power drill with different bits and is used to update, fix, or view the network or network settings.
It is mostly used for viewing (only services that are started), stopping and starting services:
• net stop server
• net start server
• net start (display running services)
and for connecting (mapping) and disconnecting with shared network drives:
• net use m: \\myserver\sharename
• net use m: \\myserver\sharename /delete
Other commands used with net command are, accounts (manage user accounts), net print (manage print jobs), and net share (manage shares).
Below are all the options that can be used with the net command.
[ ACCOUNTS | COMPUTER | CONFIG | CONTINUE | FILE | GROUP | HELP |HELPMSG | LOCALGROUP | PAUSE | PRINT | SESSION | SHARE | START |STATISTICS | STOP | TIME | USE | USER | VIEW ]
To display the complete syntax for each command, just type net help followed by the command - net help use .

7 - nslookup - With the Internet, DNS (Domain Name Service) is the key for allowing us to use friendly names when surfing the web instead of needing to remember IP Addresses. But when there are problems, nslookup can be a valuable tool for testing and troubleshooting DNS servers.
Nslookup can be run in two modes: interactive and noninteractive. Noninteractive mode is useful when only a single piece of data needs to be returned.

Don’t let the help results intimidate you. Nslookup is easy to use. Some of the options I use when troubleshooting are:
set ds (displays detailed debugging information of behind the scenes communication when resolving an host or IP Address).
set domain (sets the default domain to use when resolving, so you don’t need to type the fully qualified name each time).
set type (sets the query record type that will be returned, such as A, MX, NS)
server NAME (allows you to point nslookup to use other DNS servers than what is configured on your computer)
To exit out of interactive mode, type exit .

8 - ping and tracert - These tools can be helpful with connectivity to other systems. Ping will test whether a particular host is reachable across an IP network, while tracert (traceroute) is used to determine the route taken by packets across an IP network.
To ping a system just type at the prompt: ping www.google.com. By default, ping will send three ICMP request to the host and listen for ICMP “echo response” replies. Ping also includes switches to control the number of echo requests to send (-n ), and to resolve IP addresses to hostname (-a ).
To use tracert, type at the prompt: tracert www.google.com. You can force tracert to not resolve address to hostnames by using the -d switch, or set the desired timeout (milliseconds) for each reply using -w switch.

9 - gpresult - Used mostly in environments that implement group poicies, gpresults (Group Policy Results) verifies all policy settings in effect for a specific user or computer. The command is simple to use, just enter gpresults at the prompt. It can also be used to connect to computers remotely using the /S and /U switches.
10 - netsh - Without a doubt the most powerful command line tool available in Windows. Netsh is like the swiss army knife for configuring and monitoring Windows computers from the command prompt. It capabilities include:
• Configure interfaces
• Configure routing protocols
• Configure filters
• Configure routes
Configure remote access behavior for Windows-based remote access routers that are running the Routing and Remote Access Server (RRAS) Service
Display the configuration of a currently running router on any computer

UTILIZING SEARCH ENGINES

So lets learn some really really useful stuff. Here are some tips to search and get exactly what you want.

1. Page translation.
Sometimes we ignore webpages just because they are in a different language and that’s really not a reason for ignoring them as they may contain something useful.
So we can use translation tools like the ones found at http://babelfish.altavista.com and http://world.altavista.com to translate a few key words.
2. Directories.
Most of the times while searching on a search engine for a specific category its really mindboggling . E.g search for “toys” and first five results you will get will be pornsites. Using a sites directory will eliminate that. You can narrow your search down easily by looking for the info in specific catagories. Google directories can be found at: directory.google.com.
3. Here are some tips that google refers to as "advanced"
A. "xxxx" / will look for the exact phrase. (google isnt case sensitive)
B. -x / will search for something excluding a certain term
C. filetype:xxx / searches for a particular file extention (exe, mp3, etc)
D. -filetype:xxx / excludes a particular file extention
E. allinurl:x / term in the url
F. allintext:x / terms in the text of the page
G. allintitle:x / terms in the html title of that page
H. allinanchor:x / terms in the links

4. OR / Self explanatory, one or the other... (ie: binder OR joiner)

5. ~X Synonyms/similar terms (in case you can't think of any yourself)

6. Numbers in a range.
Lets say you're looking for an mp3 player but only want to spend up to $90. Why swim through all the others? MP3 player $0..$90 The 2 periods will set a numeric range to search between. This also works with dates, weights, etc

7. +
Ever type in a search and see something like this: "The following words are very common and were not included in your search:" Well, what if those common words are important in your search? You can force google to search through even the common terms by putting a + in front of the denied word.

8. *
Wildcard searches. Great when applied to a previously mentioned method. If you only know the name of a prog, or are looking for ALL of a particular file (ie. you're DLing tunes) something like *.mp3 would list every mp3.


9. Search EVERYWHERE
If you could not find your required material try searchin out in some other search engine, as different search engines have different priorities.
Also try group search, cause that’s helpful too.

INCREASE THE SPEED OF YOUR INTERNET CONNECTION

There is a setting located in your windows registry called the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU).
This determines the size of the packets of data sent between your and your server. In Windows 95, this setting is has a value of 1,500 bytes when the actual size of internet packets is 1,000 bytes. This can sometimes slow things down.

To remedy the situation, simply follow these steps:

In the registry editor (Start > Run > regedit.exe), navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class\NetTrans. In the NetTrans folder you should find another folder named "000x" in which x represents a fourth digit. Right-click on the "000x" folder and select New and StringValue. Rename the item that appears in the panel on the right side to MaxMTU, then double-click it to bring up the Edit String box and give it a velue of 1002.

Remember to keep playing with the MaxMTU value until you feel that your internet connection has greatly speed up.

TRICK TO MAKE YOUR FIREFOX FAST

This tricks will improve the speed & load time of Mozilla firefox. And you will be able to surf faster.

Type about:config in the address bar, Then look for the following entries, and make the corresponding changes.

1. network.http.max-connections-per-server =32

2. network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-proxy =16


3. network.http.max-connections = 64


4. network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-server = 10


5. network.http.pipelining = true


6. network.http.pipelining.maxrequests = 200


7. network.http.request.max-start-delay = 0


8. network.http.proxy.pipelining = true


9. network.http.proxy.version = 1.0
Lastly right-click anywhere and select New- Integer. Name it nglayout.initialpaint.delay and set its value to 0. This value is the amount of time the browser waits before it acts on information it receives . And now you can experience the difference.

BOOSTING INTERNET EXPLORER BY 10 TIMES

This is a compilation for the legendary Internet Explorer.. which is the most frequently used browser .

INTERNET EXPLORER Speed up STARTUP .
Isn't it annoying when you want to go to a new website, or any other site but your homepage, and you have to wait for your 'home' to load? This tweak tells Internet Explorer to simply 'run', without loading any webpages. (If you use a 'blank' page, that is still a page, and slows access. Notice the 'about:blank' in the address bar. The blank html page must still be loaded..). To load IE with 'nothing' [nothing is different than blank]:

1. Right-click on any shortcut you have to IE
[You should create a shortcut out of your desktop IE icon, and delete the original icon]
2. Click Properties
3. Add ' -nohome' [with a space before the dash] after the endquotes in the Target field.
4. Click OK
Fire up IE from your modified shortcut, and be amazed by how fast you are able to use IE!

~ cheers ~ (it works)
INTERNET EXPLORER SPEED UP.
Edit your link to start Internet Explorer to have -nohome after it. For Example: "C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\IEXPLORE.EXE" -nohome
This will load internet explorer very fast because it does not load a webpage while it is loading. If you want to go to your homepage after it is loaded, just click on the home button.
or
Open registry editor by going to Start then >> Run and entering >> regedit.
Once in registry, navigate to key.
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\InternetSettings. Right click @ windows right > New > DWORD.
Type MaxConnectionsPerServer > You can set value (the more higher the no, the more good speed u get, e;g : 99). [99 in hexa so 153 in binary]
Create another DWORD >type MaxConnectionsPer1_0Server. Then put a high value as mentioned above.
Restart I.E and you are done.
SPEED UP BROWSING WITH DNS trick.!!
when you connect to a web site your computer sends information back and forth, this is obvious. Some of this information deals with resolving the site name to an IP address, the stuff that tcp/ip really deals with, not words. This is DNS information and is used so that you will not need to ask for the site location each and every time you visit the site. Although WinXP and win2000 has a pretty efficient DNS cache, you can increase its overall performance by increasing its size. You can do this with the registry entries below:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters]
"CacheHashTableBucketSize"=dword:00000001
"CacheHashTableSize"=dword:00000180
"MaxCacheEntryTtlLimit"=dword:0000fa00
"MaxSOACacheEntryTtlLimit"=dword:0000012d
make a new text file and rename it to dnscache.reg. Then copy and paste the above into it and save it. Then merge it into the registry.

FIX IE 6 SLOWDOWNS AND HANGS.
1. Open a command prompt window on the desktop (Start/Run/command).
2. Exit IE and Windows Explorer (iexplore.exe and explorer.exe, respectively, in Task Manager, i.e - Ctrl-Alt-Del/Task Manager/Processes/End Process for each).
3. Use the following command exactly from your command prompt window to delete the corrupt file:
C:\>del "%systemdrive%\Documents and Settings\%username%\Local
Settings\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\index.dat"
4. Restart Windows Explorer with Task Manager (Ctrl-Alt-Del/Task Manager/Applications/New Task/Browse/C:\Windows\explorer.exe[or your path]) or Shutdown/Restart the computer from Task Manager.

SPEED UP WEB BROWSING.
Iv'e personally found a dramatic increase in web browsing after clearing the Windows XP DNS cache. To clear it type the following in a command prompt: ipconfig /flushdns.

ALLOW MORE THAN 2 SIMULTANEOUS DOWNLOADS ON IEXPLORER 6.
This is to increase the the number of max downloads to 10.
1. Start Registry Editor (Regedt32.exe).
2. Locate the following key in the registry:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings
3. On the Edit menu, click Add Value , and then add the following registry values:
"MaxConnectionsPer1_0Server"=Dword:0000000a
"MaxConnectionsPerServer"=Dword:0000000a
4. Quit Registry Editor.

IPV6 INSTALLATION FOR WINDOWS XP.
This protocol is distined to replace the Internet Protocal Version 4 used by Internet Explorer it uses hexadecimal ip addresses instead of decimal example (decimal ip 62.98.231.67) (hexadecimal IP 2001:6b8:0:400::70c)
To install To install the IPv6 Protocol for Windows XP:
Log on to the computer running Windows XP with a user account that has local administrator privileges. Open a command prompt. From the Windows XP desktop, click Start, point to Programs, point to Accessories, and then click Command Prompt. At the command prompt, type: ipv6 install
For more information on IPv6, visit the site below:
CODEhttp://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/techinfo/administration/ipv6/default.asp
ANOTHER WAY TO FIX IEXPLORER 6 SLOW PAGES LOADED.
Here's an easier way to get to index.dat file as addresse in another tweak submitted here.
1. click on Internet Explorer
2. go to to your root dir (usually C:)
3. open Documents and Settings folder
4. open "your username folder"
5. open UserData
6. **close IE if you have it open**
rename index.dat to index.old
logoff and log back on (don't need to restart) open up IE and go to a web page or site that always seemed to load slowly. It should load a lot more quickly now. NOTE. Always rename or backup .dat or other system files before deleting.

Disable Right Click!!

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Restrictions]
"NoBrowserContextMenu"=dword:00000001
Enable Right Click!!

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Restrictions]
"NoBrowserContextMenu"=dword:00000000

do u want to save entire Page For offline viweing??

Saving Web Pages with Internet Explorer 6
Occasionally, you may want to save an entire Web page on your computer (text, hyperlinks, graphics, and all). To save the Web page that currently appears in Internet Explorer, choose File-->Save As to open the Save Web Page dialog box shown in the following figure. Select the folder in which you want the page saved and then click the Save button.
After saving a Web page on your hard drive, you can open it in Internet Explorer and view the contents even when you're not connected to the Internet. If your motive for saving the Web page, however, is to be able to view the content when you're not connected to the Internet, you're better off saving the page as a Favorite marked for offline viewing. That way, you can decide whether you want to view other pages linked to the one you're saving and you can have Internet Explorer check the site for updated content.
You can also e-mail a Web page or a link to the page to a colleague or friend. To send the current Web page in a new e-mail message, click File-->Send-->Page by E-mail on the Explorer menu bar and then fill out the new e-mail. To send a link to the page instead, click File-->Send-->Link by E-Mail. To create a desktop shortcut to the Web page, click File-->Send-->Shortcut to Desktop.

~ all of them are tested ! ~

OUTPUT TEXT FROM DOS TO FILE

Output Text from Dos Prompt to File

The trick saves the outputs into a file, instead of displaying the outputs on the screen.
Through this trick you can copy the 'help text that appears when you put /? in front of the command.

Now the Trick:
simply put a ">" and the destination file at the end of the dos command.
For Example:

This command outputs the IP configurations to the file "ipdata.txt" in "C" drive:
ipconfig /all > C:\ipdata.txt

INCREASE THE SIZE OF YOUR MEMORY CARD

Want to increase the size of ur memory card ie CONVERT A 512 MB duo/produo/MMC CARD TO 640 MB

Basic Principle–Files in duo/produo/MMC is stored in multiple (disk) blocks.
So if you format using 16K block, the space used will be 16K eventhough your file is just 1K.
If you buy DUO/PRO-DUO, it is usually preformatted with 16K block. Therefore a lot of space is wasted as most installed program files are usually less than 2K.


Connect your memory card to the computer.(via card reader, usb or bluetooth)

1. Copy all your files in the memory card including hidden and operating system files to your computer

2.Open command prompt & format your memory card using command line “format” and use the /A=size option.

Or you can do the following:
1. Goto Start->control Panel->Administrative Tools->Computer management->Disk management
2. Select your memory card/usb drive. Right-click and select “Format”
3. Select “FAT”. Choose Allocation size. For 256Mb MMC select 4K, 128Mb MMC select 2K, 64Mb MMC select 1K and 32Mb MMC select 512B


3. Copy back all files to memory card.

Please do comment if you like it.

DOS EVENT MONITERING (NEW DOS COMMANDS)

For those skilled in the art of DOS batch files, XP has a number of interesting new commands.
These include :

EVENTCREATE = This command line tool enables an administrator to create a custom event ID & message in a specified event log.

EVENTTRIGGERS = This tool enables an administrator to display & configure “eventtriggers” on local or remote system.

TYPEPERF = Typeperf writes performance data to the command window or to a log file.
To stop typeperf, press CTRL +C.

SCHTASKS = Enables an Administrator to create, delete, query, change, run, and end scheduled tasks on a local or remote system. Replaces At .exe.


FOR DETAILED INFORMATION ON THESE COMMANDS TYPE “ /? ’ AFTER THE COMMAND AND YOU WILL GET ALL RELATED INFO.
EXAMPLE: C:\>EVENTECREATE /? (NOTE: Don’t ignore the space before the /? )

BASIC UNIX COMMANDS

Note: not all of these are actually part of UNIX itself, and you may not find them on all UNIX machines. But they can all be used on turing in essentially the same way, by typing the command and hitting return. Note that some of these commands are different on non-Solaris machines - see SunOS differences.
If you've made a typo, the easiest thing to do is hit CTRL-u to cancel the whole line. But you can also edit the command line .
UNIX is case-sensitive.
FILES
ls --- lists your files
ls -l --- lists your files in 'long format', which contains lots of useful information, e.g. the exact size of the file, who owns the file and who has the right to look at it, and when it was last modified.
ls -a --- lists all files, including the ones whose filenames begin in a dot, which you do not always want to see.
There are many more options, for example to list files by size, by date, recursively etc.
more filename --- shows the first part of a file, just as much as will fit on one screen. Just hit the space bar to see more or q to quit. You can use /pattern to search for a pattern.
emacs filename --- is an editor that lets you create and edit a file. See the emacs page.
mv filename1 filename2 --- moves a file (i.e. gives it a different name, or moves it into a different directory (see below)
cp filename1 filename2 --- copies a file
rm filename --- removes a file. It is wise to use the option rm -i, which will ask you for confirmation before actually deleting anything. You can make this your default by making an alias in your .cshrc file.
diff filename1 filename2 --- compares files, and shows where they differ
wc filename --- tells you how many lines, words, and characters there are in a file
chmod options filename --- lets you change the read, write, and execute permissions on your files. The default is that only you can look at them and change them, but you may sometimes want to change these permissions. For example, chmod o+r filename will make the file readable for everyone, and chmod o-r filename will make it unreadable for others again. Note that for someone to be able to actually look at the file the directories it is in need to be at least executable. See help protection for more details.
FILE COMPRESSION
gzip filename --- compresses files, so that they take up much less space. Usually text files compress to about half their original size, but it depends very much on the size of the file and the nature of the contents. There are other tools for this purpose, too (e.g. compress), but gzip usually gives the highest compression rate. Gzip produces files with the ending '.gz' appended to the original filename.
gunzip filename --- uncompresses files compressed by gzip.
gzcat filename --- lets you look at a gzipped file without actually having to gunzip it (same as gunzip -c). You can even print it directly, using gzcat filename | lpr
PRINTING
lpr filename --- print. Use the -P option to specify the printer name if you want to use a printer other than your default printer. For example, if you want to print double-sided, use 'lpr -Pvalkyr-d', or if you're at CSLI, you may want to use 'lpr -Pcord115-d'. See 'help printers' for more information about printers and their locations.
lpq --- check out the printer queue, e.g. to get the number needed for removal, or to see how many other files will be printed before yours will come out
lprm jobnumber --- remove something from the printer queue. You can find the job number by using lpq. Theoretically you also have to specify a printer name, but this isn't necessary as long as you use your default printer in the department.
genscript --- converts plain text files into postscript for printing, and gives you some options for formatting. Consider making an alias like alias ecop 'genscript -2 -r \!* | lpr -h -Pvalkyr' to print two pages on one piece of paper.
dvips filename --- print .dvi files (i.e. files produced by LaTeX). You can use dviselect to print only selected pages. See the LaTeX page for more information about how to save paper when printing drafts.
DIRECTORIES
Directories, like folders on a Macintosh, are used to group files together in a hierarchical structure.
mkdir dirname --- make a new directory
cd dirname --- change directory. You basically 'go' to another directory, and you will see the files in that directory when you do 'ls'. You always start out in your 'home directory', and you can get back there by typing 'cd' without arguments. 'cd ..' will get you one level up from your current position. You don't have to walk along step by step - you can make big leaps or avoid walking around by specifying pathnames.
pwd --- tells you where you currently are.
FINDING THINGS
ff --- find files anywhere on the system. This can be extremely useful if you've forgotten in which directory you put a file, but do remember the name. In fact, if you use ff -p you don't even need the full name, just the beginning. This can also be useful for finding other things on the system, e.g. documentation.
grep string filename(s) --- looks for the string in the files. This can be useful a lot of purposes, e.g. finding the right file among many, figuring out which is the right version of something, and even doing serious corpus work. grep comes in several varieties (grep, egrep, and fgrep) and has a lot of very flexible options. Check out the man pages if this sounds good to you.
ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE
w --- tells you who's logged in, and what they're doing. Especially useful: the 'idle' part. This allows you to see whether they're actually sitting there typing away at their keyboards right at the moment.
who --- tells you who's logged on, and where they're coming from. Useful if you're looking for someone who's actually physically in the same building as you, or in some other particular location.
finger username --- gives you lots of information about that user, e.g. when they last read their mail and whether they're logged in. Often people put other practical information, such as phone numbers and addresses, in a file called .plan. This information is also displayed by 'finger'.
last -1 username --- tells you when the user last logged on and off and from where. Without any options, last will give you a list of everyone's logins.
talk username --- lets you have a (typed) conversation with another user
write username --- lets you exchange one-line messages with another user
elm --- lets you send e-mail messages to people around the world (and, of course, read them). It's not the only mailer you can use, but the one we recommend. See the elm page, and find out about the departmental mailing lists (which you can also find in /user/linguistics/helpfile).
ABOUT YOUR (ELECTRONIC)SELF
whoami --- returns your username. Sounds useless, but isn't. You may need to find out who it is who forgot to log out somewhere, and make sure *you* have logged out.
finger & .plan FILES
Of course you can finger yourself, too. That can be useful e.g. as a quick check whether you got new mail. Try to create a useful .plan file soon. Look at other people's .plan files for ideas. The file needs to be readable for everyone in order to be visible through 'finger'. Do 'chmod a+r .plan' if necessary. You should realize that this information is accessible from anywhere in the world, not just to other people on turing.
passwd --- lets you change your password, which you should do regularly (at least once a year). See the LRB guide and/or look at help password.
ps -u yourusername --- lists your processes. Contains lots of information about them, including the process ID, which you need if you have to kill a process. Normally, when you have been kicked out of a dialin session or have otherwise managed to get yourself disconnected abruptly, this list will contain the processes you need to kill. Those may include the shell (tcsh or whatever you're using), and anything you were running, for example emacs or elm. Be careful not to kill your current shell - the one with the number closer to the one of the ps command you're currently running. But if it happens, don't panic. Just try again :) If you're using an X-display you may have to kill some X processes before you can start them again. These will show only when you use ps -efl, because they're root processes.
kill PID --- kills (ends) the processes with the ID you gave. This works only for your own processes, of course. Get the ID by using ps. If the process doesn't 'die' properly, use the option -9. But attempt without that option first, because it doesn't give the process a chance to finish possibly important business before dying. You may need to kill processes for example if your modem connection was interrupted and you didn't get logged out properly, which sometimes happens.
quota -v --- show what your disk quota is (i.e. how much space you have to store files), how much you're actually using, and in case you've exceeded your quota (which you'll be given an automatic warning about by the system) how much time you have left to sort them out (by deleting or gzipping some, or moving them to your own computer).
du filename --- shows the disk usage of the files and directories in filename (without argument the current directory is used). du -s gives only a total.
last yourusername --- lists your last logins. Can be a useful memory aid for when you were where, how long you've been working for, and keeping track of your phonebill if you're making a non-local phonecall for dialling in.
CONNECTING TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD
nn --- allows you to read news. It will first let you read the news local to turing, and then the remote news. If you want to read only the local or remote news, you can use nnl or nnr, respectively. To learn more about nn type nn, then \tty{:man}, then \tty{=.*}, then \tty{Z}, then hit the space bar to step through the manual. Or look at the man page. Or check out the hypertext nn FAQ - probably the easiest and most fun way to go.
rlogin hostname --- lets you connect to a remote host
telnet hostname --- also lets you connect to a remote host. Use rlogin whenever possible.
ftp hostname --- lets you download files from a remote host which is set up as an ftp-server. This is a common method for exchanging academic papers and drafts. If you need to make a paper of yours available in this way, you can (temporarily) put a copy in /user/ftp/pub/TMP. For more permanent solutions, ask Emma. The most important commands within ftp are get for getting files from the remote machine, and put for putting them there (mget and mput let you specify more than one file at once). Sounds straightforward, but be sure not to confuse the two, especially when your physical location doesn't correspond to the direction of the ftp connection you're making. ftp just overwrites files with the same filename. If you're transferring anything other than ASCII text, use binary mode.
lynx --- lets you browse the web from an ordinary terminal. Of course you can see only the text, not the pictures. You can type any URL as an argument to the G command. When you're doing this from any Stanford host you can leave out the .stanford.edu part of the URL when connecting to Stanford URLs. Type H at any time to learn more about lynx, and Q to exit.
MISCELLENEOUS TOOLS
webster word --- looks up the word in an electronic version of Webster's dictionary and returns the definition(s)
date --- shows the current date and time.
cal --- shows a calendar of the current month. Use e.g., 'cal 10 1995' to get that for October 95, or 'cal 1995' to get the whole year.
YOU CAN FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THESE COMMANDS BY LOOKING UP THEIR MANPAGES:
man commandname --- shows you the manual page for the command

SOON I’LL TRY AND PUT SOME MORE UNIX COMMANDS HERE.

All DOS commands

ADDUSERS             Add or list users to/from a CSV file

ARP                          Address Resolution Protocol

ASSOC                    Change file extension associations

ASSOCIAT              One step file association

AT                            Schedule a command to run at a later time

ATTRIB                   Change file attributes

BOOTCFG              Edit Windows boot settings

BROWSTAT           Get domain, browser and PDC info

CACLS                   Change file permissions

CALL                      Call one batch program from another

CD                          Change Directory - move to a specific Folder

CHANGE               Change Terminal Server Session properties

CHKDSK               Check Disk - check and repair disk problems

CHKNTFS             Check the NTFS file system

CHOICE                Accept keyboard input to a batch file

CIPHER                 Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders

CleanMgr               Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin

CLEARMEM         Clear memory leaks

CLIP                      Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard.

CLS                       Clear the screen

CLUSTER             Windows Clustering

CMD                     Start a new CMD shell

COLOR                Change colors of the CMD window

COMP                  Compare the contents of two files or sets of files

COMPACT           Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition

COMPRESS         Compress individual files on an NTFS partition

CON2PRT            Connect or disconnect a Printer

CONVERT           Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.

COPY                  Copy one or more files to another location

CSVDE                Import or Export Active Directory data

DATE                  Display or set the date

Dcomcnfg             DCOM Configuration Utility

DEFRAG             Defragment hard drive

DEL                     Delete one or more files

DELPROF           Delete NT user profiles

DELTREE            Delete a folder and all subfolders

DevCon                Device Manager Command Line Utility

DIR                      Display a list of files and folders

DIRUSE               Display disk usage

DISKCOMP       Compare the contents of two floppy disks

DISKCOPY        Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another

DNSSTAT           DNS Statistics

DOSKEY            Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros

DSADD              Add user (computer, group..) to active directory

DSQUERY          List items in active directory

DSMOD              Modify user (computer, group..) in active directory

ECHO                 Display message on screen

ENDLOCAL       End localisation of environment changes in a batch file

ERASE                Delete one or more files

EXIT                   Quit the CMD shell

EXPAND           Uncompress files

EXTRACT         Uncompress CAB files

FC                     Compare two files

FDISK              Disk Format and partition

FIND                Search for a text string in a file

FINDSTR         Search for strings in files

FOR                 Conditionally perform a command several times

FORFILES       Batch process multiple files

FORMAT         Format a disk

FREEDISK      Check free disk space (in bytes)

FSUTIL            File and Volume utilities

FTP                  File Transfer Protocol

FTYPE             Display or modify file types used in file extension associations

GLOBAL         Display membership of global groups

GOTO              Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line

HELP               Online Help

HFNETCHK    Network Security Hotfix Checker

IF                     Conditionally perform a command

IFMEMBER     Is the current user in an NT Workgroup

IPCONFIG       Configure IP

KILL               Remove a program from memory

LABEL            Edit a disk label

LOCAL           Display membership of local groups

LOGEVENT   Write text to the NT event viewer.

LOGOFF         Log a user off

LOGTIME       Log the date and time in a file

MAPISEND    Send email from the command line

MEM               Display memory usage

MD                  Create new folders

MODE             Configure a system device

MORE              Display output, one screen at a time

MOUNTVOL   Manage a volume mount point

MOVE              Move files from one folder to another

MOVEUSER     Move a user from one domain to another

MSG                 Send a message

MSIEXEC         Microsoft Windows Installer

MSINFO           Windows NT diagnostics

MSTSC             Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)

MUNGE            Find and Replace text within file(s)

MV                   Copy in-use files

NET                  Manage network resources

NETDOM         Domain Manager

NETSH             Configure network protocols

NETSVC          Command-line Service Controller

NBTSTAT        Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)

NETSTAT        Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)

NOW               Display the current Date and Time

NSLOOKUP   Name server lookup

NTBACKUP   Backup folders to tape

NTRIGHTS     Edit user account rights

PATH              Display or set a search path for executable files

PATHPING     Trace route plus network latency and packet loss

PAUSE            Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message

PERMS            Show permissions for a user

PERFMON     Performance Monitor

PING              Test a network connection

POPD             Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD

PORTQRY     Display the status of ports and services

PRINT            Print a text file

PRNCNFG     Display, configure or rename a printer

PRNMNGR    Add, delete, list printers set the default printer

PROMPT        Change the command prompt

PsExec             Execute process remotely

PsFile               Show files opened remotely

PsGetSid           Display the SID of a computer or a user

PsInfo              List information about a system

PsKill              Kill processes by name or process ID

PsList              List detailed information about processes

PsLoggedOn   Who’s logged on (locally or via resource sharing)

PsLogList        Event log records

PsPasswd       Change account password

PsService        View and control services

PsShutdown    Shutdown or reboot a computer

PsSuspend       Suspend processes

PUSHD          Save and then change the current directory

QGREP          Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.

RASDIAL      Manage RAS connections

RASPHONE  Manage RAS connections

RECOVER     Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.

REG                Read, Set or Delete registry keys and values

REGEDIT        Import or export registry settings

REGSVR32     Register or unregister a DLL

REGINI           Change Registry Permissions

REM                Record comments (remarks) in a batch file

REN                Rename a file or files.

REPLACE       Replace or update one file with another

RD                   Delete folder(s)

RDISK             Create a Recovery Disk

RMTSHARE    Share a folder or a printer

ROBOCOPY  Robust File and Folder Copy

ROUTE           Manipulate network routing tables

RUNAS           Execute a program under a different user account

RUNDLL32     Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)

SC                   Service Control

SCHTASKS     Create or Edit Scheduled Tasks

SCLIST           Display NT Services

ScriptIt             Control GUI applications

SET                 Display, set, or remove environment variables

SETLOCAL    Begin localisation of environment changes in a batch file

SETX              Set environment variables permanently

SHARE           List or edit a file share or print share

SHIFT            Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file

SHORTCUT   Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)

SHOWGRPS   List the NT Workgroups a user has joined

SHOWMBRS  List the Users who are members of a Workgroup

SHUTDOWN  Shutdown the computer

SLEEP             Wait for x seconds

SOON              Schedule a command to run in the near future

SORT                Sort input

START             Start a separate window to run a specified program or command

SU                    Switch User

SUBINACL      Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain

SUBST             Associate a path with a drive letter

SYSTEMINFO  List system configuration

TASKLIST         List running applications and services

TIME                  Display or set the system time

TIMEOUT          Delay processing of a batch file

TITLE               Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session

TOUCH           Change file timestamps

TRACERT        Trace route to a remote host

TREE               Graphical display of folder structure

TYPE                Display the contents of a text file

USRSTAT         List domain usernames and last login

VER                  Display version information

VERIFY           Verify that files have been saved

VOL                 Display a disk label

WHERE            Locate and display files in a directory tree

WHOAMI        Output the current UserName and domain

WINDIFF        Compare the contents of two files or sets of files

WINMSD        Windows system diagnostics

WINMSDP      Windows system diagnostics II

WMIC              WMI Commands

XCACLS          Change file permissions

XCOPY            Copy files and folders